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What is a DRUG?

salve

This is part of the Labeling Basics series in which I am taking labeling back to its most fundamental parts, starting with the legal terms used and then going on to each requirement for soap and cosmetic labels.

Drugs of all types are around us every day. There are a number of different ways to define a “drug”. Here we’re going to take a look at the legal definition of “drug” and how it applies when you are making handcrafted soap and cosmetics (or other products).

The regular English word drug comes from the Middle French drogue “ingredient used in chemistry or pharmacy.” Interestingly, that stems from the French droguerie “a thing which is of poor quality,” “a person whom one does not value,” “poor merchandise,” or “worthless thing.” Even earlier, it derives from drouget meaning “badly dressed.” Philosphical discussions aside, isn’t it interesting that the word chosen for an ingredient used in pharmacology came from something that was worthless? Maybe because certain ones MADE people or things worthless. Hmm….

“Drug” – Common Definitions

  1. A substance with intoxicating, stimulant, or narcotic effects used for cultural, recreational, or other non-medicinal purposes; Especially a controlled substance used illegally and often habitually.
  2. (figurative) Something regarded as having properties similar to those of a drug, especially being addictive.
  3. A substance that has a physiological effect on a living organism

Physiological

Affecting the function or structure.

1. Intoxicating substance; especially a controlled substance.

This is your normal definition of a drug—something that is ingested and causes mental and physical effects.

Examples of use:

  • He took drugs to stay awake when driving long distance.
  • The trend of drug use by young people is disturbing.

2. Something similar to a drug; addictive.

This is also a common definition of a drug, but refers not to things you ingest that cause physical effects, but other things which can be intoxicating and/or addictive.

Examples of use:

  • Gambling was like a drug to him.
  • For thrill-seekers, the rush of a bungi-jump is a drug to which they are addicted.

3.A substance that has a physiological effect on a living organism.

More broadly, anything that can affect the functioning of a living organism and its systems and organs.

Examples of use:

  • Something which is anti-bacterial kills living organisms and is a drug.
  • Many plants can act as drugs when eaten.

The term drug means: …

(B) articles intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in man or other animals; and

(C) articles (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals.

This is the legal definition of drug, from the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act. It determines what is a drug for legal purposes within the United States. Note that a key part of the definition is intended. Drugs are intended to affect the physiology (the function and structure) of the body.

Examples:

  • Diagnosis: pregnancy test.
  • Mitigation: blood thinners, lowers blood pressure, reduces redness, soothes sore muscles.
  • Treatment: antibiotics, cures acne, reduces scarring.
  • Prevention: anti-bacterials, anti-fungals, flouride toothpaste, vaccines.
  • Affecting the body structure: increases bone density, increased collagen, weight reduction.
  • Affecting the function: muscle relaxants, improved hair growth, sunscreen, skin protectants.

The intended use is determined by what the manufacturer SAYS about the product and its ingredients in the label and labeling for the product.

In other words, what you say about your product can make it a drug!

Drugs vs. Cosmetics

Many drug products come in the form of creams, lotions, salves, or soaks—and are very similar in appearance to cosmetic products. The difference is in the statements made to describe the intended use of the product.

Why is it important?

A product that meets the FDA’s legal definition of a drug must be approved by the FDA before it can be marketed and sold. Any drug which has not been previously approved is considered an unapproved new drug and is illegal to sell.

In addition, all drug manufacturers must be registered with the FDA, and usually the state in which they are located. They must follow very strict good manufacturing practices (which are defined in the regulations), and are subject to inspection at any time.

Soap and Cosmetic Labeling cover

To really be able to create your own labels that comply with the regulations, get my book from Amazon and use it.

Comments

11 responses to “What is a DRUG?”

  1. Christopher

    So, if I were to make a salve out of herbs and market it as “Green salve” or “Bruise salve,” would that make it a drug?
    What if I were to make a salve out of sea salts and market it to people for relief of psoriasis?

    1. What determines whether it is a drug is the intended use, not what it is made of. If you say it’s a “bruise salve” then the intended use is to treat bruises, which falls under the definition of a drug (to treat, mitigate, prevent, or diagnose diseases OR to alter the function or structure of the body). If you are treating a bruise — changing the body structure where the bruise is so it goes away faster — that’s a drug.

      Same if the intended use is for relief of psoriasis … you are saying the product will mitigate the psoriasis and alter the function or structure of the body — so it’s a drug.

  2. Wonderful article. Thank you Marie! I gather if I mention my shampoo bar prevents color fading it sounds like this may be a drug . But if I say color care is that okay?? How about words like clarifying? To me seems like the safe word “moisturizing.” Also if you sneak in something in your product name like “de-flake” could that be considered a claim for preventing dandruff? Such a tricky subject.

    1. Marie Gale

      A drug is something that alters the function or structure of the body. Preventing color fading is just appearance (cosmetic). It’s not changing the function or structure. Same with color care and clarifying. Pretty much anything to do with the hair itself is cosmetic … unless you are talking about GROWING it (which is function/structure). De-flaking? If it’s “exfoliating” it is cosmetic (removing the dead skin flakes), but if you are treating, mitigating, or preventing the CAUSE of the flaking (preventing dandruff) then you are into the function/structure and it becomes a drug claim.

  3. these things cannot be said on the label – can you list an ingredient like aloe and describe what “aloe” is used for (ex. soothing burns, etc.) on your website is that also illegal or list the benefits of each herb in your product (on the website not the label) is that a no no as well?

    1. Marie Gale

      The determination of the intended use of the product is based on what is on the label and in the labeling. The labeling includes brochures, signage, information on your website, testimonials and even (sometimes) social media posts. Also, information about an ingredient is considered to be information about the product … otherwise why would you include the information? So if you say “Aloe is good for sunburns” or even “Aloe has traditionally been used to treat sunburns” and then say that aloe is in the product, you are saying that because you want the consumer to know that the product contains aloe and therefore might be good for sunburns. Either way – it is giving the intended use of the product as potentially ‘treating sunburn’ — which would make the product an unapproved new drug.

  4. Valeria Pitoni

    And, just for clarity’s sake, “hand sanitizer” fits into the drug category, correct?

    1. Thank you Marie! Very helpful! I appreciate the explanations that are easy to understand and the examples!

    2. Marie Gale

      Absolutely! There is a sub-category of drugs (called “over-the-counter drugs” or “OTC” drugs) which are sort of “pre-approved” so long as they meet specific criteria. Many hand sanitizers fall in that category. I’ll be doing a post about that soon.

  5. Excellent definition. Hopefully it will help newbies understand what and why they can’t say things on their labels!

  6. Great breakdown on the definition of a drug and pointing out how it relates to soap and cosmetic products!

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